锯链张力和松弛的分析

静止状态下锯链不垂离导板的临界张力与导板轮廓线圆半径和锯链质量线密度成正比．无缓冲器导板的锯链安装张力应比有缓冲器导板的大．锯链和链轮的制造误差可能引起锯链附加张力或松弛下垂．锯链的松弛程度可用趾部间隙来衡量．锯链与导板的热胀冷缩不同步可能引起热张力或热松弛．文章给出了各种张力和趾部间隙的计算公式．     

人工降雨条件下不同坡度红壤坡面迳流泥沙变化特征研究

在人工模拟降雨强度为1.44 mm/min的条件下,研究了不同坡度(β)红壤近似裸地坡面迳流、泥沙的变化特征,研究结果表明:①地表迳流量随坡度的增大而迅速增加。②当β≤23°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度的增大而迅速增加;当25°≤β≤40°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度变化较小。③坡面土壤侵蚀的临界坡度则介于23°~25°之间。④坡度与侵蚀量关系可用函数表示为:S=199.1×L1.65×tan1.4β(0°≤β≤23°)。     

多伦县风蚀地貌及风蚀量评价研究

在多伦县沙漠化土地调查过程中,就其风蚀地貌进行了详细的研究。本文不仅论证了风蚀地貌的形成、类型和分布,而且以翔实的测定数据,并采用克拉瓦洛维克的风蚀强度公式计算了该地区不同景观类型区的风蚀量。以论据为基础,研讨了增加地表粗糙度的方法、成效以及防止或减缓风蚀的有效途径。     

滇池底泥菌类组成及与污染关系的研究

通过对滇池不同位点底泥样品的分析，调查了滇池底泥中固氮菌类、硝化菌类及其他菌类的数量及分布状况。分析了这些细菌参与氮循环与滇池富营养化之间的关系，得出可用底泥中固氮菌作为滇池污染参考指示菌株和滇池地质条件，以及菌类微生物的分布变化对滇池富营养化具重要影响的结论。     

杉木苗根系打浆造林效果试验

杉木苗根系打泥浆后造林不仅能提高造林成活率,而且与当年生幼树的根系地径和树高的生长关系密切,在不同的造林时间或造林后的不同时间,其影响程度是不同的。     

桩基钻孔偏位处治方法简介——介绍一种钻孔入岩倾斜偏位的处理方法

采用冲击钻进行桩基础钻孔施工,经常会出现入岩倾斜偏位的现象,如果处理不当,就会造成 废桩。这里介绍一种简单而有效的处治方法——用混凝土封底法,针对这种现象进行处理。     

Frozen bread dough: Effects of freezing storage and dough improvers

This review focuses on the effects of freezing storage on the microstructure and baking performance of frozen doughs, and provides an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough applications. The overall quality of bread baked from frozen dough deteriorates as the storage of the dough at sub-zero temperatures increases due to several factors which are discussed. Lipid-related emulsifiers such as diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides and sucrose esters employed as anti-staling agents, dough modifiers, shortening sparing agents, and as improvers for the production of high-protein bread have also been employed in frozen doughs. Hydrocolloids are gaining importance in the baking industry as dough improvers due to their ability to induce structural changes in the main components of wheat flour systems during breadmaking steps and bread storage Their effects in frozen doughs is discussed. Other dough improvers, such as ascorbic acid, honey and green tea extract, are also reviewed in the context of frozen doughs.     

泥坑浓香型白酒窖泥中微生物群落结构与多样性分析

本文采用Illumina PE250测序法对浓香型新窖泥、老窖泥和品质较好的老窖泥中微生物群落结构与多样性进行研究。结果表明:从门水平结构分析,厚壁菌门与子囊菌门分别为浓香型白酒窖泥的优势细菌与优势真菌;从属水平结构上分析,新窖泥的优势菌属是乳酸菌属,优势真菌属是单端孢属;老窖泥与品质较好的老窖泥优势菌属是乳酸菌属,优势真菌属是青霉属。不同窖龄、不同质量的窖泥微生物结构多样性具有显著差异。     

Lipids and fatty acids in wild and pond-reared mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskål) during ovarian maturation and spawning

Wild‐caught and pond‐reared female mud crab Scylla serrata at different stages of ovarian maturation were collected from Samar and Capiz, Philippines. Crabs were categorized into five stages according to the external morphological and microscopic appearance of the most advanced oocytes. The ovaries, hepatopancreas, muscle and newly spawned eggs (NSE) were analysed for lipid class components and fatty acids. Total lipid was higher in pond‐reared than in wild‐caught crabs but increased with ovarian maturation in both groups. Ovarian lipid peaked at the fully mature stage, coinciding with a decline in hepatopancreatic and muscle lipids. Lipid levels declined significantly in spent females. The tissues contained elevated highly unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic (20:4n‐6), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n‐3) acids, but at higher levels in late maturing and fully mature ovaries and in NSE. The type of lipid class and fatty acid components in mature ovaries as well as in NSE are generally considered to be indicative of their importance in reproductive physiology and embryonic and larval development.     

硝酸钙泥与硝酸镁泥磷吸附特性研究

对硝酸钙泥、硝酸镁泥两种化工废渣的磷吸附特性进行了研究。结果表明：用Langmuir方程能很好地拟合300℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥硝酸镁泥和500℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥硝酸镁泥对磷的等温吸附。300℃、500℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥、硝酸镁泥的磷最大吸附量分别为37．45、32．36、35．59、28．82mg/g ,表面吸附强度因子分别为1．5615、0．2946、0．2948、0．2882mL/g ,最大缓冲能力分别为58．48、9．53、10．49、8．31mL/g。对磷的吸附效果最好的是300℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥。300℃、500℃焙烧后硝酸钙泥、硝酸镁泥对磷的去除率达到83％～99％左右。去除率最好的是300℃的硝酸钙泥。